1. (a) Glossy or it would have more accept ‘more bubbles’ 1or higher bubbles than the others do not accept ‘lots of bubbles’
(b) any one from 1
· to make the test fair accept ‘it is a controlled experiment’
· if they use different amounts it will be unfair
(c) any one from 1
· they could not compare the amounts of bubbles
· they could not compare them
· they could not tell which was better
· they could not tell the difference
· they could not know which made the most bubbles
accept ‘they were all the same’
do not accept ‘the bubbles all went to the top’
do not accept ‘they could not see how many bubbles there were’
accept an appropriate practical problem which would prevent the collection of valid results such as ‘the bung stops the bubbles’ or ‘the test- tubes are not long enough’ or ‘they used too much washing- up liquid’
(d) any one from 1
· Shine will have most bubbles accept ‘Shine made the most bubbles’
· Shine will make most froth accept ‘Shine would produce more bubbles than glossy’
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2. (a) predictions 1
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
(b) any one from 1· to make sure any effect of accept ‘so the sensor can detect the everyone jumping was detected vibrations’· to make the effect as large as possible
‘fair test’ is insufficient
‘to get the best results’ is insufficient
(c) (i) any one from 1· there are vibrations in accept ‘there are more or bigger vibrations recordings A and B only at A and B’ accept ‘wider lines in recordings A and B’ accept ‘bigger amplitude in A and B’· no vibrations at C accept ‘no vibrations far away’
(ii) any one from 1· more people jumped near A accept ‘fewer jumped at B’· people jumped from a accept the converse greater height near A· sensor A is nearer the accept the converse site than sensor B accept ‘the sensor is nearer site A than B’ accept ‘sensor A is closer to the pupils’
· more sensitive detectors at accept the converse A the ground could be accept ‘one concrete the other grass’ different
do not accept ‘different numbers of people’
‘different sensors’ is insufficient
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3. (a) Both the correct ball and the correct reason are required for the mark.
the bowling ball because it has the greatest mass or it is the heaviest 1
do not accept ‘because it is bigger’
‘the bowling ball because it is bigger’ insufficient
(b) any one from 1
· they are the same diameter accept ‘they are the same size’
they produce the same air resistance or friction
(c) (i) they would both reach the ground at the same time 1
(ii) air resistance accept ‘friction’ 1
(iii) either
· the feather and the hammer landed at the same time 1there is no atmosphere or air resistance or air on the moon 1
or
· they would take longer to fall on the moon 1because there is lower gravity than on the Earth 1
do not accept ‘there is no gravity on the moon’
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4. (a) the light is scattered by the ball accept ‘it is scattered or reflected 1
or bounces off the ball'
some of the light from the ball enters Naomi's eye 1
accept ‘it goes into or gets to her eye'
(b) (i)
colour of ball
colour of the light
the colour the ball appears to Naomi
white
red
red
do not accept 'pink' or 'light red'
1
green
white
green
do not accept 'light green'
1
(ii) any one from 1
· it absorbs all the light accept ‘it absorbs light'
· it does not scatter any light
accept 'it does not reflect light'
(c) equal to 1
equal to accept 'equals' or 'the same as' 1
(d) one mark is for describing scattering and one mark is for describing reflection
scattering sends or reflects light in all directions 1
accept 'scattered light goes all over the place' or ‘the light from the paper goes off in lots of rays' or ‘no image can be seen in the paper'
reflection sends light in one direction or to one point 1
accept ‘the light from the mirror is all in one ray or beam' or 'reflected light goes at one exact angle’ or ‘an image can be seen in the mirror’
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5. (a) It melts or is melting accept ‘it starts to melt’ or ‘thaws’ 1
or ‘turns to liquid’ or ‘changes state’
do not accept ‘it is between solid and liquid’
(b) it is room temperature accept no more energy being put in’ 1
(c) (i) They vibrate around fixed points A 1
if more than one box is labelled A, award no mark
(ii) They move past each other and are close together C 1
if more than one box is labelled C, award no mark disregard any ticks
(d) (i) Ice is less dense than water. Ö if more than one box is ticked, 1
award no mark
(ii) The molecules are further apart in ice than in water. Ö 1
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
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6. (a) The tension equals the weight. Ö if more than one box is ticked, 1
award no mark
(b) tension is greater than weight accept ‘tension is bigger' or 'weight is less' 1
or 'the upward force is bigger' or 'the downward force is smaller'
(c) tension equals weight accept ‘they are the same' 1
(d) tension is less than weight accept ‘tension is less ‘or ‘weight is more' 1
or 'the upward force is less' or ‘the downward force is bigger'
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7. (a) by rubbing it or by friction accept 'by spraying charged 1
particles onto it'
accept 'by induction' or 'by connecting it to one terminal of a power supply'
(b) any one from 1
· negatively, because B is attracted
· negatively, because unlike charges attract
both the charge and the reason are required for the markaccept '-, because two + charges would repel'
(c) towards A or to the left accept 'closer' 1
(d) answers should refer to the movement of X away from Y for the first mark and comment on the same charge for the second mark
any one from 1
· it will be repelled
· it will move away from Y
it will spin away from Y do not accept 'it will spin'
it will tilt away from Y do not accept 'it will tilt'
they both have the same charge 1or they have both been charged in the same way
(e) any one from 1
· it will be repelled
· it will move away from Y
it will spin away from Y do not accept 'it will spin'
it will tilt away from Y do not accept 'it will tilt'
any one from 1
· strip X has the same charge over the whole surface
accept 'the whole surface has been rubbed' or 'it has the same charge at both ends'
· X and Y have the same charge or they have both been charged in the same way
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8. (a) Q 1
accept ‘1941 – 47’
(b) It affects the nervous system. if more than one box is ticked, 1
award no mark
(c) (i) the chance of having an accident increases 1
accept ‘it increases’ or ‘you are more likely to have an accident if you drink or are drunk’
the rate of increase gets faster the more alcohol is in the blood 1
accept ‘the rate gets faster’ or ‘the graph gets steeper the more you drink’
(ii) Alcohol increases the time a person takes to react. 1
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
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9.(a) (i)
2
one mark is for a ball of solid naphthalene
one mark is for the naphthalene at the bottom of the beaker
(ii)
2
one mark is for a layer of melted wax
one mark is for showing the wax floating on top of the water
(b) from liquid to solid answers must be in the correct order 1
(c) B 1
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10. (a) He observed the environment. 1
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
(b) any one from 1· data from further away can be accept ‘equipment can land on the planet’ collected· data from fainter objects or smaller details can be collected· data is clearer because there is no accept ‘telescopes can be sited outside atmospheric distortion Earth’s atmosphere’· more information is collected· more detailed or more accurate information· wider spectrum of information including photographs or pictures of planet· other radiation can be detected
a mark may be awarded for a description of a specific wayinformation is different or a description of a specific wayprevious limitations are reduced
(c) any one from 1· our knowledge is increasing accept ‘we probably do not know everything about the solar system’· our knowledge is changing
(d) any one from 1· new evidence which challenges accept ‘more observations’ ideas may be collected accept ‘new evidence’· there might be a new way of thinking about how the facts fit together· new interpretations of evidence· old ideas do not explain the observation accept ‘old ideas do not work or fit data’
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11. (a) chemical accept ‘potential’ or ‘stored’ 1
any two from 2
· sound
thermal accept ‘heat’
kinetic accept ‘movement’
light
(b) any two from 2
· they gained energy accept ‘they move more quickly’
they hit the lid with greater force accept ‘they hit the lid harder’
they hit the lid more often accept ‘the pressure inside the tin increased’
accept ‘the molecules are closer together’
accept ‘more molecules are present’
(c) (i) oxygen accept ‘O2’ 1
(ii) any one from 1
· carbon dioxide accept ‘CO2’
water vapour accept ‘H2O’
accept ‘carbon monoxide’
(d) any one from 1
· it was quieter
the lid didn’t move as high accept ‘the lid was not pushed off’
less energy released accept ‘it does not work’
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12. (a) ether 1
(b) all the ether had evaporated accept ‘all the ether had gone’ 1
do not accept ‘it was warmed by the room’
(c) 23°C do not accept ‘23’ 1
(d) any one from the 1
· temperatures would not go as low
accept ‘the temperatures would be higher’ do not accept ‘the temperatures would go higher’
· the temperatures would go up again much sooner
accept ‘the readings would have to be taken more frequently’ do not accept ‘the temperatures would go down more quickly’ or ‘it would evaporate more quickly’
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· old ideas do not explain the observation accept ‘old ideas do not work or fit data’
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13. (a) any one from 1
· plants subjected to or not subjected to acid
· pH of the acid
strength of solution accept ‘concentration of acid’
volume of acid accept ‘amount of acid’
accept any appropriate independent variable
(b) (i) any one from mark parts (b) (i) and (b) (ii) together 1
· plants live or die
plants healthy or not healthy
plants or leaves change colour
how many seeds grow
(ii) any one from the dependent variable must relate to the 1 independent variable mentioned in part ( a)
· number of plants dying or ailing
accept ‘count them’
accept a reference to appropriate measuring equipment
· number of leaves falling or ailing
· mass of plant matter
· area of plant leaf growth
· height of plant
(c) any one from 1
· soil nutrients
· temperature
· humidity
· light
· acidity of soil at the beginning
accept any suitable control relevant to the factors specified in parts (a) and (b) ( i)
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