1. (a) (i) copper or steel accept 'iron' or 'brass' or 'aluminium' 1
or 'metal'
do not accept 'a conductor'
(ii) wood or plastic or rubber accept any named insulator 1
do not accept 'an insulator' or 'not a conductor`
(b) the circuit is completed or there is a complete circuit 1
accept 'it makes a circuit'
accept 'electricity can flow'
do not accept 'because there is a contact'
(c) paint is an insulator or paint does not conduct electricity 1
accept 'paint is not a conductor'
or 'electricity cannot go through paint'
accept 'it is not a complete circuit'
do not accept 'the paint is in the way'
[4]
2. (a) (i) any one from 1
. it let the current or electricity flow
. current could flow through the bulb
. it completed the circuit
accept 'the contacts came together'
(ii) all three components must be correctly connected in series 1
accept
a mark may be awarded for any correctly connected circuit drawn with
straight or curved wires
award a mark for a correct circuit diagram in which the pupil has drawn the
symbols instead of connecting the printed symbols
(b) (i) any one from 1
. the bulb is broken or blown
. the filament is broken accept 'the coil is broken'
the bulb is not connected properly' is insufficient
(ii) turn one of the cells around accept 'turn a battery round'
accept 'turn the battery'
accept 'put the batteries in the right way'
'turn the batteries round' is insufficient
the mark may be awarded for a description of the fault eg 'both batteries
are the same way up'
(c) any one from 1
. it stopped current from accept 'to stop the batteries running down'
flowing
. paper does not conduct or is an
insulator
. the circuit was broken or accept 'to stop the contacts coming together'
incomplete
. so that the circuit can be completed
[5]
3. (a) any one from 1
. the circuit is not complete accept 'there is no circuit'
. a wire is missing
. two of the bulbs are not connected
accept 'the bulbs are not connected'
do not accept 'the switch might be broken' or 'there is a loose connection'
(b) another cell or battery accept 'put the bulbs in parallel' 1
or 'make a parallel circuit'
or 'use new batteries'
do not accept 'use stronger batteries'
(c) Each bulb is the same brightness. if more than one box is
ticked, 1
award no mark
(d) (i) they go out accept 'they stop working' 1
do not accept 'they get dimmer'
(ii) any one from 1
. they stay on or stay the same accept 'they get brighter'
. they do not go out accept 'only the broken bulb goes out'
. nothing
(e) a letter S drawn onto or close to the wire in the top part of the
circuit 1
anywhere between the two junctions
accept an open switch symbol drawn onto the diagram
do not accept a letter S drawn mid-way between the top two wires or at a
junction between the top two wires as shown below
[6]
4. (a) J 1
(b) bulb J goes out or is off do not accept 'nothing happens' 1
both bulb K and bulb L are required for the mark
bulb K lights up or is on accept 'bulb K is dim 1
bulb L lights up or is on bulb L is dim'
(c) the answer should indicate that all three bulbs are lit
J, K and L or all of them 1
[4]
5.
[4]
6. (a) (i) circuit A: series 1
circuit B: parallel
both answers are required for the mark
(b) (i) the circuit or heating element will stop working 1
accept 'it will not work' or 'it will be off'
accept 'the whole circuit has no current through it'
accept 'it becomes cooler'
do not accept 'it breaks the heater or element or it'
(ii) any one from 1
. the circuit or element will continue to work
. one wire will not heat the window
accept 'the bottom one has no current through it'
'nothing' or 'it will not be affected' are insufficient
accept 'it will work less well'
accept 'the bottom wire becomes cooler'
do not accept 'it becomes cooler'
do not accept 'it does not work properly'
(c) (i) thermal accept 'heat' 1
(ii) from solid to liquid to gas 1
all three states are required for the mark
accept 'from solid to liquid to vapour or steam'
accept 'from ice to water to vapour or gas'
[5]
7. (a) the motor runs backwards accept 'the crane lowers the load' 1
or 'the crane drops the load'
or 'the load goes in the other direct ion'
(b) any one from 1
. it will not run accept 'nothing'
. it will stop
(c) any one from 1
. it shorts out the batteries or cells accept 'it is a short circuit'
. the batteries or cells or wires will get hot
. the batteries or cells will go flat quickly
accept 'the battery or wires will bum out'
(d) (i) no difference or none accept 'the crane lifts the load' 1
or 'the resistor will not do anything'
(ii) any one from 1
. the motor turns more slowly
accept 'it will stop the motor working'
. it lowers the load more slowly
there is a smaller current accept 'it moves the load more slowly'
accept 'it gives it less power'
or 'it will slow down the flow of electrons'
[5]
8. (a) pick-up wire 1
metal wheel answers must be in the correct order
both answers are required for the mark
(b) One mark is for drawing the two motors connected in parallel.
One mark is for drawing one switch in series with each motor.
Both marks should only be awarded if the circuit is correct.
. 2
the switches may be drawn either side of the motors
(c) any one from 1
. it completes the circuit
. it acts as a switch
accept 'because the circuit is not complete'
'the pedal connects the motor' is insufficient
accept 'the pedal connects the motor to the power supply'
(d) any one from 1
. he does not complete a circuit
accept 'the circuit is not complete'
. he does not connect the floor and wire mesh ceiling
accept 'he is not touching the ceiling'
accept 'he wears trainers' or 'he has rubber shoes'
(e) (i) it stops 1
(ii) it is not affected or it keeps going 1
accept 'it goes slightly faster'
[7]
9. (a) bulb X do not accept 'both bulbs' 1
or 'bulb X and bulb Y'
(b) neither or no bulb or none 1
(c) (i) goes out 1
(ii) gets brighter 1
(d) (i) gets brighter 1
(ii) goes out 1
[6]
10. (a) any two from: 2
. manufacturing differences or bulbs are different
accept 'different resistances'
accept 'different ages'
. reading error
dirty contacts accept 'bulbs were not screwed in properly'
unreliable or inaccurate meter accept 'faulty ammeter'
accept 'different wires' or 'differences in the wires'
(b) 0.75 1
(c)
both axes must be labelled correctly with both the variable and the unit
Y axis : current, in amps or A or milliamps or mA 1
accept 'I , in amps'
X axis : time, in hours or minutes or seconds
accept 't, in hours'
a line or curve from top left to bottom right 1
[5]
11.(a) switches 1 and 2 if more than one box is ticked, 1
award no mark
(b) no because switch 1 must be on or closed 1
both the answer and the reason are required for the mark
accept 'there is no switch in the motor section of the parallel circuit, so
it cannot be isolated'
(c) it would go up accept 'it would get hotter or very hot' 1
do not accept 'it would be hot'
(d) any one from 1
. no effect accept 'the motor speeds up slightly'
. it would stay on
[4]
12. (a) (i) to produce a magnetic field or make an electromagnet 1
accept 'to make the iron or core or it magnetic'
or 'to make a magnet'
do not accept 'to conduct the current'
(ii) any one from 1
. to make the magnetic field stronger
. to make the electromagnet stronger
accept 'to focus or carry the field lines'
do not accept 'to make an electromagnet' or 'to make the electromagnet
better'
(b) it is magnetic 1
it conducts electricity answers may be in either order 1
accept 'it is attracted to the coil or core or electromagnet'
accept 'it conducts'
(c) any one from 1
. the electromagnet overcomes the springy metal
. the moment of the electromagnet's force is bigger than the moment of the
spring's force
accept 'the pull of the electromagnet becomes more than the pull of the
spring
[5]
13. (a) circuit A if more than one letter is given 1
award no mark
(b) smaller or lower accept 'half' 1
any one from 1
. because the resistance is larger accept 'the resistance is smaller in E'
. because the current has to flow through more bulbs
accept 'because there are more bulbs'
do not accept 'because two bulbs use up more energy' or 'because the current
is less'
(c) If the two bulbs are in series, then two cells are needed. 1
The ammeter may be anywhere in the series circuit e.g.
If the two bulbs are in parallel, then the ammeter must be in one of the
branches of the circuit e.g.
[4]
14. (a) any one from 1
. flow in X = flow in Y + flow in Z
x = y + z accept 'Y + Z = X'
rate of flow into the junction = the total rate of flow out of it
(b) (i) 70 1
70 both rates are required for the mark
(ii) charge accept 'electrons' 1
do not accept 'current'
(c) any one from 1
. electricity can only flow in conductors or metal
. air is an insulator so electricity cannot flow through it
do not accept 'there is no current because there is a break in the circuit'
or 'the empty socket breaks the circuit' or 'a closed circuit is needed'
[4]
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