H10 Working with nuclear
radiation
1 (a) Axes labelled correctly, 1
plots correct. 2
Deduct one mark per mistake up to a maximum of 2.
(b) Nuclear power stations have had a negligible
effect on the amount of background radiation. 1
(c) Radiation constantly present around us. 1
(d) (i) Space. 1
(ii) Rocks/soil. 1
(iii) Soil. 1
(iv) Rocks. 1
Total 9
2 (a) A charged atom or molecule. 1
(b) The ray strips an electron from an atom, leaving
it positively charged. 1
The electron attaches to a nearby atom making
it negatively charged. 1
Total 3
3 (a) Cooling water/laboratory equipment/used
protective clothing.
Any one. 1
(b) (i) If the waste got wet the water would
become radioactive 1
and end up in streams, rivers, wells, the
water table, 1
where it would affect plants and animals
(including humans). 1
(ii) Clay is impervious to water. 1
(c) (i) 24000 years. 1
(ii) 48000 years. 1
Total 7
4 Tracers/radiotherapy/sterilising medical
equipment/radioactive dating/measuring thickness.
Any two. 1
Total 1
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