1. (i) volume
= 4π (10,000)3 /3 = 4.2 ×
1012 (1)
density = 3.5 × 1030 / 4.2 × 1012 ecf (1)
density = 8.4 × 1017 kg/m3 (1) 3
density = 3.5 × 1030 / 4.2 × 1012 ecf (1)
density = 8.4 × 1017 kg/m3 (1) 3
(ii) any
two from
density (very) much greater than material on Earth (1)
quotes typical density on Earth 1 – 104 kg m–3 (1)
atomic structure collapsed / density same as atomic nucleus (1) 2
density (very) much greater than material on Earth (1)
quotes typical density on Earth 1 – 104 kg m–3 (1)
atomic structure collapsed / density same as atomic nucleus (1) 2
[5]
2. Hydrogen
atoms/particles (1)
Collapse under gravity/ decrease of gpe (1)
Increase in kinetic energy/ temperature (1)
Fusion of protons (1)
Energy released/ ref. to E = ∆mc2 (1)
Collapse under gravity/ decrease of gpe (1)
Increase in kinetic energy/ temperature (1)
Fusion of protons (1)
Energy released/ ref. to E = ∆mc2 (1)
[5]
3. any
4 from:
end of H burning/red giant/supergiant (1)
onset of He fusion/fusion of heavier nuclei (1)
gravitational collapse of core (1)
supernova explosion/ star explodes (1)
suitable mass limit (chanderasekha limit 1.4M) (1)
supported against gavity by neutron gas pressure/ ref to
Fermi pressure (1)
internal structure protons and electrons combined/ very
thin atmosphere/ metallic crust (1) 4
end of H burning/red giant/supergiant (1)
onset of He fusion/fusion of heavier nuclei (1)
gravitational collapse of core (1)
supernova explosion/ star explodes (1)
suitable mass limit (chanderasekha limit 1.4M) (1)
supported against gavity by neutron gas pressure/ ref to
Fermi pressure (1)
internal structure protons and electrons combined/ very
thin atmosphere/ metallic crust (1) 4
[4]
